Mug shot
The US legal system has long held that mug shots can have a negative effect on juries. In the US in the early 21st century an online industry developed around the publication and removal of mug shots from internet websites. Main article: Mug shot publishing industry
![mug shot mug shot](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0GPixtmKpbM/maxresdefault.jpg)
With digital photography, the digital photograph is linked to a database record concerning the arrest. The arrested person is sometimes required to hold a placard with name, date of birth, booking ID, weight, and other relevant information on it. This system was soon adopted throughout Europe, and in the United States and Russia.
#Mug shot full#
In 1888, Alphonse Bertillon invented the modern mug shot featuring full face and profile views, standardizing the lighting and angles. The paired arrangement may have been inspired by the 1865 prison portraits taken by Alexander Gardner of accused conspirators in the Lincoln assassination trial, though Gardner's photographs were full-body portraits with only the heads turned for the profile shots.Īfter the defeat of the Paris Commune in 1871, the Prefecture of Police of Paris hired a photographer, Eugène Appert, to take portraits of convicted prisoners. By the 1870s the agency had amassed the largest collection of mug shots in the US. The Pinkerton National Detective Agency began using these on wanted posters in the United States. By 1857, the New York City Police Department had a gallery where daguerreotypes of criminals were displayed. In Liverpool and Birmingham they were doing so by 1848. In the United Kingdom, police in London were photographing criminals by 1846. The earliest photos of prisoners taken for use by law enforcement may have been taken in Belgium in 18. In high-profile cases, mug shots may also be published in the mass media. Mug shots may be compiled into a mug book in order to determine the identity of a criminal. The background is usually plain to avoid distraction from the head. Soon, mug shots became a familiar type of image that was easily recognisable by almost everyone, and a standard aspect of police work.Ĭheck out the Rogue’s Gallery of New Zealand Police Museum.Self-portrait mug shot of Alphonse Bertillon, who developed and standardized this type of photograph, 22 August 1900Ī typical mug shot is two-part, with one side-view photo, and one front-view. Nonetheless, the trend caught on around the world, with galleries opening in Germany in 1864, Russia in 1867 and England in 1870.
![mug shot mug shot](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Jeremy_Meeks_Mug_Shot.jpg)
Furthermore, they claim that mug shots at this time served to publicly humiliate and punish the offender more than as a practical means of recording information.
![mug shot mug shot](https://cdn.kincir.com/1/production/media/2019/agustus/5-film-one-piece-terbaik/one-piece-film-strong-world.jpg)
Rather than a practical aid to police, however, some scholars have criticised rogues galleries as merely a source of entertainment for Victorian voyeurs.
![mug shot mug shot](https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/55d66363e4b0b9bb40814594/1560313450558-MZOS23378K4NTXD60J3F/50-Cent-Mugshot-Curtis-Jackson-Celebrity-Mugshots.jpg)
Here, people were invited to look through galleries of mug shots in order to familiarise themselves with local criminals, and possibly help identify offenders. In 1858 the New York Police Department opened its first ‘rogues gallery’ to the public. In 1854 Swiss authorities began circulating photographs of criminals to the public for the first time, pre-empting the 'Wanted' posters that were made famous in the American Wild West during the 1860s. Soon, however, many prisons began systematically photographing incarcerated prisoners in order to supplement their written descriptions and help defeat the use of aliases. At first, photographs of criminals were mainly used as a tool to help familiarise regional police with vagrants who would move from place to place committing crimes.
#Mug shot professional#
Within the same decade, British Police also employed their first professional photographer. When photography was invented in the first half of the 19th century, it seemed to be the solution to problems with criminal identification that police around the world had been waiting for: finally, they did not have to rely on their memories and written descriptions of prisoners to recognise criminals.Īs early as 1841 the French began making daguerreotypes of prisoners, but the earliest mug shot still in existence was taken by Belgian officials in 1843. Daguerreotype of prisoner, Brussels. Ca. 1843.